80年前,在 “西弗吉尼亚州教委对巴内特” 案件(West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette),美国最高法院裁定:公立学校要求学生对国旗做效忠宣誓是侵犯学生的言论自由。
裁决书里常被引用的段落是:
“If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion, or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith therein.
如果我们宪法星辰中有任何不可动摇的明星,那就是没有任何官员,无论是高级的还是低级的,可以规定在政治、民族主义、宗教或其他意见问题上什么东西应该是正统,或者强迫公民通过言辞或行动表达他们相信什么是正统。
“To believe that patriotism will not flourish if patriotic ceremonies are voluntary and spontaneous, instead of a compulsory routine, is to make an unflattering estimate of the appeal of our institutions to free minds.
认为如果任由爱国仪式基于自愿和自发参加而不是强制要求的规范,爱国主义就不会有生机,这相当于蔑视我们的制度对自由心灵的吸引力。